Our challenge response, and especially its main hormone cortisol (produced by the adrenal glands) is particularly active when we are exposed to novelty and uncertainty. If a person is subjected to something mildly unpleasant, like bursts of white noise, but these are delivered at regular intervals, they may leave cortisol levels unaffected. But if the timing of the noise changes ......
I wrote sometime back on how I appreciate risk, volatility and that part of my system is to understand it more. This includes being more of an active listener to articles on this area, how to create a better system for it (See 6 and 7).
The New York Times has this interesting article titled The Biology of Risk.
The most critical take away for me was how our body reacts to a level of uncertainty that you cannot see the clear path. This generates a greater level of cortisol: