A 2007 Israeli study of 286 penalty kicks in top leagues and championships worldwide has shown that the probability distribution of the penalty being shot down the middle is almost equivalent to the penalty being shot on left or right. Hence, if the keeper has a 33 percent chance of saving the penalty if he stays still. If he moves to left or right, the probability of him saving the penalty drops to 13 or 14 percent. Simply put, the best thing that the goalkeeper should do in a penalty kick is simply to stay still. Yet, statistics has shown that goalkeepers only stay in the centre 6% of the time. Staying still in the middle is the simplest thing to do which reaps the most benefits yet most goalkeepers still choose to do something. That's actually the same with investors. Historically, it has shown that doing nothing almost always give you a key advantage. Most hedge funds have difficulties beating S&P 500....